Minority stress and mental health in gay and lesbian youth: A comparative study of Italy and Spain.

The present study was carried out based on the minority stress model. The purpose was to compare Italian and Spanish gay and lesbian youth on minority stressors and mental health outcomes and test the minority stress model in Italy and Spain. The sample consisted of 490 participants (307 Italians, Mage = 25.30 and 183 Spanish, Mage = 27.57). They completed an online questionnaire measuring everyday discrimination, coming out to family members, coming out to friends/one's social network, internalized sexual stigma, depression, and anxiety. A multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to explore the effect of nationality on all measures. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the direct and indirect (through internalized sexual stigma) effects of stressors on mental health outcomes. The results demonstrate an impact of nationality on three dimensions: Spanish youth presented higher levels of everyday discrimination, while Italian youth had lower levels of both coming out to family members and coming out to friends/one's social network. Further, in both countries, all stressors had both direct and indirect (through internalized sexual stigma) associations with depression and anxiety. These findings have some social implications: studying the effect of nationality can be useful in suggesting changes in political and social macrosystems. Additionally, studying the associations among these variables is helpful for intervening more efficiently, for example, clinically, on the impact of minority stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Protective Factors, Risk of Violence and Discrimination and Mental Health Indicators of Young LGB People.

Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people have more risk of suffering from violence and situations of discrimination than heterosexual people. The current study compares LGB people with heterosexual people in protective factors, violence, health and well-being factors. The sample comprises 609 Spanish people between 14 and 25 years old. We established a cross-sectional design. A survey including questions about sociodemographic information and protective, violence and health and well-being factors was designed ad hoc for this study. The results show that the LGB group (n = 342) is more at risk of verbal and physical violence and feels more isolated than the heterosexual participants (n = 267). In contrast, heterosexual participants report having more employment discrimination. No significant differences were found in social support or psychological health. These results are important to understand the state of social normalization and non-discrimination for LGB people in certain contexts in Spain, and its impact on psychological health.

Relationship between Assumed Differential Socialization and Emotional Disorders in Women: A Form of Covert Social Violence.

Women suffer different forms of violence, both explicit and covert, due to gender asymmetry. This study analyzes the relationship between the internalization of norms assigned to the female gender understood as a form of covert social violence and the presence of anxiety and depression. 286 women were evaluated with the Inventory of Concealed Social Violence (IVISEM) to measure the internalization of gender norms, the Inventory of Situations and Responses to Anxiety (ISRA), to measure anxiety, and the Three-Dimensional Depression Questionnaire (CTD) to measure depression. In addition, the possible influence of some variables such as maternity, age and marital status on the internalization of norms and on the presence of emotional alterations is discussed. The findings showed the relationship between IVISEM factors and the seven health indicators measured. Age appeared as a modulating variable in relation to cognitive anxiety and depression and marital status is related to all depression factors. The results show that women's internalization of gender norms can be understood as hidden social violence, since it was associated with high scores in anxiety and depression.

Los hábitos de sueño como predictores de la salud psicológica en profesionales sanitarios / Sleep habits as predictors of psychological health in healthcare professionals

El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar los hábitos de sueño y la salud psicológica de profesionales del sector sanitario, así como analizar las relaciones entre ambas variables. La muestra contó con 511 trabajadores de hospitales públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid. La salud psicológica fue evaluada con el Cuestionario GHQ-28; los hábitos de sueño a través del Cuestionario CHAS, además, se recogieron datos sociodemográficos como edad, sexo, puesto de trabajo, categoría profesional. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en síntomas somáticos, salud psicológica y estabilidad en hábitos de sueño. Los análisis de regresión indicaron que calidad del sueño y somnolencia diurna son las variables más relacionadas con las dimensiones de salud, especialmente con la ansiedad/insomnio y síntomas somáticos. Estos los resultados ponen de manifiesto las diferencias entre hábitos de sueño y salud percibida en personal de enfermería y facultativos. En conclusión, la población sanitaria presenta mayor prevalencia en malestar psicológico, peor calidad de sueño e inestabilidad en las horas de sueño. Deterioro del sueño, somnolencia y síntomas somáticos son más frecuentes en personal de enfermería que en el resto de profesionales sanitarios

The aim was to study the sleep habits and the psychological health of professionals in the health sector, as well as to analyze the relationships between both variables. The sample consisted of 511 workers from public hospitals in the Community of Madrid. Psychological health was evaluated using the GHQ-28 Questionnaire; and sleep habits with the CHAS Questionnaire. In addition, sociodemographic data were collected, such as age, sex, job position, professional category. The results showed statistically significant differences in somatic symptoms, psychological health and stability in sleep habits. Regression analysis indicated that sleep quality and daytime sleepiness are the variables most related to health dimensions, especially with anxiety/insomnia and somatic symptoms. These results reveal the differences between sleep habits and perceived health in nursing staff and physicians. Finally, the health workers present a higher prevalence of psychological distress, and poor sleep quality and instability in sleep hours. Sleep impairment, somnolence and somatic symptoms are more frequent in nursing staff than in other health professionals

Understanding the Meaning of Conformity to Feminine Norms in Lifestyle Habits and Health: A Cluster Analysis.

Background: Gender roles impact different spheres of life and lead women to behavioral patterns and lifestyle habits associated with femininity, generating important differences between men and women in health. The present study analyzed relationships between conformity to the feminine norms and different lifestyle indicators: Educational level, marital status, alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, sleeping hours, social support, and physical activity. Additionally, cluster analysis was developed in order to identify different patterns of gender role conformity. Methods: The sample was made up of 347 women age 18-70 from Spain. Data collection was conducted during 2014. Results: Multiple logistic regression analyses produced odds ratios showing that women with lower feminine role conformity were more likely to use tobacco and alcohol, but less likely to share their lives with someone. Cluster analysis found four different profiles of gender role conformity related to different patterns of alcohol consumption and marital status. Conclusions: Conformity to feminine norms was associated with basic affective conditions such as sharing life with others and with alcohol and tobacco consumption, but not with physical activity, social support, and sleep duration. Whereas tobacco and alcohol use have important health implications, public health systems should pay attention to gender-related variables in order to design and implement specific prevention programs.

Relationship between assumed differential socialization and emotional disorders in women: a form of covert social violence

Women suffer different forms of violence, both explicit and covert, due to gender asymmetry. This study analyzes the relationship between the internalization of norms assigned to the female gender understood as a form of covert social violence and the presence of anxiety and depression. 286 women were evaluated with the Inventory of Concealed Social Violence (IVISEM) to measure the internalization of gender norms, the Inventory of Situations and Responses to Anxiety (ISRA), to measure anxiety, and the Three-Dimensional Depression Questionnaire (CTD) to measure depression. In addition, the possible influence of some variables such as maternity, age and marital status on the internalization of norms and on the presence of emotional alterations is discussed. The findings showed the relationship between IVISEM factors and the seven health indicators measured. Age appeared as a modulating variable in relation to cognitive anxiety and depression and marital status is related to all depression factors. The results show that women's internalization of gender norms can be understood as hidden social violence, since it was associated with high scores in anxiety and depression

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Health and Well-Being of Cisgender, Transgender and Non-Binary Young People.

Young transgender and non-binary individuals (TNBI) are exposed to situations of discrimination and have a greater risk of violence. The purpose of this study is to analyze which protective, violence and health and well-being factors have more influence on TNBI compared to cisgender people. The sample comprised 856 youth between 14 and 25 years old. A survey including questions about sociodemographic information and protective, violence and health and well-being factors was designed ad hoc for this study. The results show the non-binary group received the least support from family and friends, higher risk of suffering cyberbullying, and many feel isolated and unhappy. TNBI have suffered more verbal attacks both inside and outside their school and physical attacks at school than cisgender young. These results are important because they may contribute to the promotion of public policies and clinical interventions that favor the integration of TNBI in our society.

Ansiedad, autoestima y satisfacción autopercibida como predictores de la salud: diferencias entre hombre y mujeres / Anxiety, self-esteem and self-perceived satisfaction as predictors of health: differences between men and women

El objetivo central de este trabajo es analizar si existen diferencias en la salud física autopercibida entre mujeres y hombres cuando tenemos en cuenta la situación laboral. Se analizan tres variables psicológicas (autoestima, ansiedad y satisfacción) e índices de salud física para diferentes situaciones laborales. La muestra está compuesta por 500 sujetos de entre 25 a 65 años recogida al azar y representativa de la población española. Se han utilizado tres instrumentos para medir las variables psicológicas y cuatro índices para medir la salud física, tres de ellos objetivos (número de visitas al médico, etc.) y uno de ellos para medir la salud autopercibida. Los resultados indican que aunque, cuando se analiza el grupo en general, las mujeres tienen peor salud que los varones, estas diferencias se modifican cuando tenemos en cuenta la condición de trabajo de los participantes, e, incluso, llegan a desaparecer. Las variables psicológicas predicen más la salud física de las mujeres que la de los varones, lo que parece indicar que la salud física de las mujeres está íntimamente relacionada con la salud psicológica

The main objective of this research is to analyze whether there are differences in physical health between men and women when considering their working situation. Three psychological variables are analyzed (anxiety, self-esteem and satisfaction) as well as several indicators of physical health for different working situations. The results seem to indicate that although women have worse health than men (when the group is analyzed in general), these differences vary when we take into account the working condition of the participants, and the differences even disappear. The psychological variables used in this survey only explain the variance of the subjective indicators of physical health, most of all, the Physiological Anxiety, which is responsible for the highest rate of the explained variance. The psychological variables predict women’s physical health more than men’s, what seems to indicate that women’s physical health is closely related to psychological health

[Anxiety, self-esteem and self-perceived satisfaction as predictors of health: differences between men and women]. / Ansiedad, autoestima y satisfacción autopercibida como predictores de la salud: diferencias entre hombres y mujeres.

The main objective of this research is to analyze whether there are differences in physical health between men and women when considering their working situation. Three psychological variables are analyzed (anxiety, self-esteem and satisfaction) as well as several indicators of physical health for different working situations. The results seem to indicate that although women have worse health than men (when the group is analyzed in general), these differences vary when we take into account the working condition of the participants, and the differences even disappear. The psychological variables used in this survey only explain the variance of the subjective indicators of physical health, most of all, the Physiological Anxiety, which is responsible for the highest rate of the explained variance. The psychological variables predict women's physical health more than men's, what seems to indicate that women's physical health is closely related to psychological health.

Diferencias de personalidad entre matutinos y vespertinos / Differences in personality between morning and evening types

The aim of this study was to attempt to answer the question of whether subjects with different circadian typology (morningness-eveningness) have a differential personality profile, going beyond the aim of relating the circadian typology with isolated and more general personality variables, such as Extraversing-Introversing. The research has been carried out with 804 participants, university students from a university in the South of Brazil (Novo Hamburgo-RS/ BR) of 33 different degree courses, using the MIPS- Millon Index of Personality Styles (Millon, 1994) and the CS-Composite Scale (Smith, Reilly and Midkiff, 1989) as a measurement of Personality Styles and the chronotype, respectively. The findings point to a personality profile which is more socially desirable for Morningness (higher mark in the Enhancing, Systematizing and Conforming scales), whereas those for Eveningness are characterised by being less adapted to their environment (higher mark in Preserving, Innovating; Hesitating, Dissenting and Agreeing scales). That confirms the usefulness of having a more flexible, detailed frame of reference, such as that of Theodore Millon.

El objetivo de este estudio era determinar si los sujetos con distinta tipología circadiana (matutinidad-vespertinidad) tenían un perfil de personalidad diferencial, trascendiendo el intento de relacionar la tipología circadiana con variables de personalidad aisladas y más generales, como Extraversión-Introversión. La investigación se llevó a cabo con 804 participantes, universitarios de una universidad del sur de Brasil (Novo Hamburgo-RS/BR) de 33 carreras distintas, utilizándose el MIPS - Inventario de Estilos de Personalidad de Millon (Millon, 1994) y la CS - Escala Compuesta (Smith, Reilly y Midkiff, 1989) como medida de los estilos de personalidad y cronotipos, respectivamente. Los resultados apuntaron a un perfil de personalidad más deseable socialmente para los matutinos (mayor puntuación en las escalas Expansión, Sistematización y Conformismo), mientras que los vespertinos se caracterizaron por estar menos adaptados a su entorno (mayor puntuación en las escalas Preservación, Innovación, Indecisión, Discrepancia y Descontento).